Same problem. I have installed OS X Mountain Lion with the same sharing settings in both Parallels Desktop 8 (same build) and VMware Fusion 5. Neither product shows the shared folders in Finder. In the left bar of Folder, under Shared title, there is the name of the base machine. A click in PD8 displays Connection failed after a while, in Fusion it displays my public folder and Music.
But in Fusion, at least it displays a "VMware Shared Folders" icon on the desktop, which points well to the host folder, as defined in the Sharing setting of the VM.