Answering you questions:
1. What is the function of prl_cc.exe?
prl_cc is responsible for different OS integration features (Shared Applications, Copy/Paste,Drag'n'Drop and many others) to work. It is not essential for guest OS to function properly.
2. Is it possible to do as I described above without negative consequences, i.e. kill the process while scanning for viruses? (I'd be very surprised if one could.)
Yes, it is possible. But many of Parallels OS integration features will not work till next reboot or manual restart of prl_cc. You also can shutdown it properly, for that just type in command line:
prl_cc.exe /stop
This will close it gently (Windows apps icons from Dock will be removed, for example).
3. Having killed the process, is it possible to restart it manually, that is, without having to shutdown and restart?
Yes, it is possible. Just launch it.
Also, it is not normal for prl_cc to consume much CPU (except short period of time when some special action is performed, for example, Drag'n'Drop or Copy/Paste operation). If you have some way to reproducing the issue, please post steps to do it here. Thanks!
Last edited: Nov 12, 2009